Electrode for Electrochemical Cell

An electrochemical electrode for electrochemical cell is a solid electric conductor that carries electric current into non-metallic solids, or liquids, or gases, or plasmas, or vacuums. Electrodes are typically good electric conductors, but they need not be metals. there are three kinds of the electrodes for electrochemical cell: Working electrodes, Counter electrodes and Reference electrodes.

Working Electrodes

The working electrodes are probably the most important component of an electrochemical cell: the working electrodes are where the electrically driven chemical reaction and electron transfer happens.

Platinum electrodes, gold electrodes, carbon electrodes and mercury electrodes are the most commonly used materials but being electrochemically inert and easy to be fabricated into many forms, platinum electrodes are often preferred. Gold electrodes are less tolerant to oxidation in the positive potential range, but good to form self-assembled monolayer on its surface while carbon electrodes are more tolerant to more negative potentials.

Counter Electrodes

Counter electrodes, also referred to as auxiliary electrodes, counter electrodes are used in two or three electrode systems to complete the circuit so that electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry can be performed. In a three electrode electrochemical cell they do so without passing significant current through the reference electrode.

Reference Electrodes

Reference electrodes are electrodes with a stable and well-defined electrochemical potential against which the potential of other electrodes in the system can be controlled and measured. Reference Electrodes are used in three electrode systems to perform electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry.

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